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Several seismic resistance techniques are available, depending on the various types and conditions of structures. Especially, a higher level of earthquake resistance is required for infrastructures and industrial facilities as it has been shown in historical earthquake studies. Therefore, earthquake resistant design and reinforcement of existing structures have become increasingly more important due to increasing probability of strong earthquakes. Strong earthquakes have occurred in many countries and have caused many problems including casualties, economic loss, destruction of infrastructures, and even leaking of radioactive materials. From the results of numerical simulation and cost-effectiveness evaluation, it is shown that combinations of the MSD systems can effectively improve the seismic performance of earthquake excited building structures. The seismic performance and cost-effectiveness of the MSD system are investigated according to the various installation configurations of the MSD system. Numerical simulations are also carried out by nonlinear time history analysis with a ten-story earthquake excited building structure. To evaluate the performance of the MSD, dynamic loading tests are performed with three slim-type dampers manufactured at a real scale. The multiple slim-type damper (MSD) that consists of several small slim-type dampers and linkage units can control damping capacity easily by changing the number of small dampers. This paper presents the evaluation of seismic performance and cost-effectiveness of a multiple slim-type damper system developed for the vibration control of earthquake excited buildings.